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ENDORSEMENTS

Reforming Hollywood brilliantly comingles film history with church history, dispelling enduring fictions that the religious community only wanted to censor films. Weaving in fresh material from Protestant archives, this work contributes greatly to a fuller understanding of the constructive contributions of religious leaders to the Hollywood film industry. This remarkably fresh, significant, and fascinating text truly reforms misunderstandings of Hollywood and religion.” — Terrence Lindvall, C.S. Lewis Chair of Communication and Christian Thought, Virginia Wesleyan College

 

“Film history is filled with studies of how Jews and Catholics influenced the course of the movie industry. William D. Romanowski’s pathbreaking study Reforming Hollywood reveals how a wide range of Protestant organizations waged their own battles for control of what audiences would or would not see on the screen-a battle that influenced the religious and moral content of American film from the silent era to the present.” — Steven J. Ross, author of Hollywood Left and Right: How Movie Stars Shaped American Politics

 

“As the first book to examine the relationship between Protestant church organizations and the motion picture industry, Reforming Hollywood corrects film history's tendency to exaggerate the influence of the Catholic Legion of Decency and its successors. In this authoritative account, Romanowski reveals how Hollywood's relationship with the Protestant establishment was crucial to debates around film regulation, and charts the erosion of its influence in the post-war years. This is a well-told story, with new perspectives and information in every chapter.” — Richard Maltby, author of Hollywood Cinema

Reviews & Awards

Religious Communication Association Book of the Year Award 2013

President’s Author Series Award, Indiana Wesleyan University 2013

 

“A truly rich and rewarding work.” —Paul C. Gutjahr, Journal of Presbyterian History

 

“This is one of the most important and substantial film books of 2012 . . . . A cogent and compelling story.” —T. Lindvall, Choice

 

“William Romanowski is fair-minded, has a fascinating story to tell, and tells it well.” —Tom Aitken, Times Literary Supplement

 

“It’s a fascinating history, meticulously researched . . . Some of the players are as colourful as the movies themselves.” —Church Times

 

“Thoroughly researched . . . readers will appreciate and learn much from the fresh perspective on the relation of religious Americans to the movies that Reforming Hollywood offers.” —Judith Weisenfeld, Church History

 

“This is one of those important books which may change the discourse in a discipline. It is erudite, inspiring, meticulously researched, and published by the world’s most prestigious academic publishing house; it sets out, explicitly, to retell the standard history of its field.” —Byron Borger, Comment

 

“Pop culture expert Romanowski (Eyes Wide Open) offers a subtle and surprising thesis: far from being censorious, American Protestants have for a century had a formative, complex, often cooperative relationship with the Hollywood film industry through a variety of commission, councils, and representatives seeking to use film to promote and improve the nation's moral health. The book brims with historical evidence-gathered from interviews and periodicals and painstakingly footnoted-that proves and provides nuance to Romanowski's argument . . . Especially fascinating is the illumination of the cultural and political forces that developed culture wars in the entertainment arena.” —Publishers Weekly

 

“Deeply researched... fills an important gap in the history of American cinema and adds to the understanding of religion in movies.” —Anthony Burke Smith, American Historical Review

 

“Reforming Hollywood is an important reminder of the role that affiliated Protestants played in the ongoing struggle against film censorship in the first half of the twentieth century.” —Nancy J. Rosenbloom, Journal of American History

 

“Reforming Hollywood is richly researched and painstakingly footnoted...It is clearly and compellingly written and certainly of interest to students and academics looking to enrich their understanding of film censorship.” —Scope: An Online Journal of Film and Television Studies

 

“A detailed, thoughtful, and thoroughly engaging account of the impact of Protestant religious machinery on the development of the studio system . . . . an important, timely study.” —Bruce Isaacs, Literature & Aesthetics

 

“An outstanding historical work...[a] well-researched treatment . . . The gift of Romanowski’s excellent treatment of the history of Protestant engagement with film is in recognizing the shortcomings of the contemporary evangelical approach to film criticism, and in providing enough history for us to find a better way forward while keeping us from falling into past traps.” —Patheos

 

“Romanowski recounts the work of Hollywood’s Protestant reformers with an astonishing level of detail and clarity...Reforming Hollywood should become the standard secondary source for anyone interested in the role Protestants have played in the history of Hollywood—and in understanding how their work has helped shape, for better and worse, the cinema we have today.” —Patton Dodd, Books & Culture

 

“To attempt to summarize all of the questions and issues that Romanowski’s book raises would do disservice to his text. Reforming Hollywood is an important resource for scholars of American cultural, religious, and intellectual history, as well as media theory, but it also is an important read for Protestants—especially evangelicals—who tend to assume that our recent attempts at a more sophisticated, fully-rounded view of filmmaking and analysis are a new development.” —Alissa Wilkinson, Christianity Today

 

“...thoroughly researched, astonishingly succinct study . . . serious students of the media and religion will savor its rich detail.” —Ray Olson, Booklist

 

“For those with an interest in popular culture and its relationship with Christianity, in this instance American Protestantism, Romanowski's book is illuminating.” —Eleanor Jackson, Theology

 

“This well-researched and detailed study adds to the scholarly literature about Hollywood during the twentieth century by accounting for the Protestant role in how the major studios decided what constituted acceptable entertainment. . . . Reforming Hollywood will add to other recent studies also underscoring the extent to which consumerism, suburbia, and middle class values have been central to the rise of evangelicalism in recent decades.” —Tyler Flynn, Fides et Historia

 

“...for those wanting to think more deeply about how artistic freedom, profit margins, and Protestant concern for public welfare have related to one another, the groundbreaking Reforming Hollywood will be just the ticket.” —Barry Cooper, The Gospel Coalition

 

“William D. Romanowski gives us a meticulously-researched, highly readable account that illuminates the history of American religion in the twentieth century . . . [Reforming Hollywood] is a fluent, thorough history from which any student of film or American religious history--and anyone who loves the movies--will learn a lot.” —ImageUpdate

 

“Romanowski’s book leaves little doubt that mainline Protestants were principled liberals when it came to defending free speech, not because of but in spite of lingering anti-Catholicism (and anti-Semitism) within their ranks . . . . One of the virtues of Romanowski’s book is that it shows quite clearly that Protestants in the mainline churches and in the National Council of Churches truly evolved into pluralists, accepting the decentering of their role as moral custodians and embracing an ecumenical and liberal understanding of their society. But that embrace did not mean that they believed that the advancement of justice and the general welfare had ceased to require the vigorous promotion of Christian, or more generally religious, values. And so, when it came to Hollywood, Protestants continually worked to moralize the movies.” —Frances G. Couvares, Modern Intellectual History

A Bit of Background

While doing the research for Reforming Hollywood, I spent many hours, over many weeks, over many years, digging into boxes of materials in over twenty archival collections around the country, including the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia.

At the Rocky Statue outside the Philadelphia Art Museum.

In Washington DC with Jack Valenti, President of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 1966-2004. Jack autographed a picture: “To Bill Romanowski – student of cinema and wise interviewer.”

In Chicago with James M. Wall. Jim was editor of The Christian Century (1972- 1999) and for many years represented the National Council of Churches on the MPAA’s Classification and Ratings (CARA) appeals board. 

James M. Wall, back in the day at his desk at The Christian Century (1972- 1999). For many years Jim represented the National Council of Churches on the MPAA’s Classification and Ratings (CARA) appeals board.

In Claremont, California with William F. Fore...

…and joined by F. Thomas Trotter (left) in a celebration of the publication of Reforming Hollywood in 2012.

 

I also spent time in Washington DC with Jack Valenti, President of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 1966-2004.  Jack autographed a picture: “To Bill Romanowski – student of cinema and wise interviewer.”

In Chicago I met with James M. Wall. Jim was editor of The Christian Century (1972- 1999) and for many years represented the National Council of Churches on the MPAA’s Classification and Ratings (CARA) appeals board.  Then in Claremont, California I saw William F. Fore and was joined by F. Thomas Trotter in a celebration of the publication of Reforming Hollywood in 2012.

 

Bill was executive director of the National Council of Churches Broadcasting and Film Commission (BFC) from 1964 to 1989. Tom was dean and professor of Theology at the Claremont School of Theology and a member of the BFC West Coast Office Committee beginning in 1962.

 

Jim, Bill, and Tom generously made their papers – and memories – available to me while I was researching Reforming Hollywood. Afterward, I arranged for their papers to be archived at the Presbyterian Historical Society along with the files of the Federal/National Council of Churches.

 

Members of the “greatest generation” who lived through the Great Depression and World War II, they devoted their lives to serving God and humanity. All three were ordained Methodist ministers and published authors; their collective accomplishments are daunting. They lived into their 90s: Tom died in July 2019, Bill in July 2020, and Jim in July 2021. My life is richer for having known them.

“A truly rich and rewarding work.”

In Reforming Hollywood, Romanowski, a leading historian of popular culture, explores the long and varied efforts of Protestants to influence the film industry. He shows how a broad spectrum of religious forces have played a role in Hollywood, from Presbyterians and Episcopalians to fundamentalists and evangelicals. Drawing on personal interviews and previously untouched sources, he describes how mainline church leaders lobbied filmmakers to promote the nation's moral health and, perhaps surprisingly, how they have by and large opposed government censorship, preferring instead self-regulation by both the industry and individual conscience.

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